Smallest submatrix with Kth maximum XOR
Given a matrix m[][] of dimensions N × M and an integer K, calculate XOR(i, j) which is equal to the Bitwise Xor of all elements of submatrix from indices (1, 1) to (i, j)), for every indices of the matrix. The task is to find the submatrix {(1, 1), …, (i, j)} having Kth maximum XOR(i, j) value. If multiple such submatrices exists, then print the smallest one.
Note: Consider the starting index of the matrix from (1, 1).
Examples:
Input: m[][] = {{1, 2}, {2, 3}}, K = 2
Output: 1 2
Explanation:
XOR(1, 1) : m[1][1] = 1
XOR(1, 2): m[1][1] xor m[1][2] = 3
XOR(2, 1): m[1][1] xor m[2][1] = 3
XOR(2, 2): m[1][1] xor m[1][2] xor m[2][1] xor m[2][2] = 2
Hence, the 2nd maximum value is 3 at position [1, 2].
Input: m[][] = {{1, 2, 3}, {2, 2, 1}, {2, 4, 2} }, k = 1
Output: 3 2
Approach: The idea is to find XOR (i, j) using Dynamic Programming.
Calculate the bitwise XOR(i, j) as xor[i][j] = xor[i-1][j] ^ xor[i][j-1] ^ xor[i-1][j-1] ^ m[i][j].
Store the XOR(i, j) values obtained for respective indices (i, j) in a Map.
Find the Kth maximum of all XOR(i, j) values using a Min-heap of size K .
Find the smallest index (i, j) for which XOR(i, j) is equal to the Kth maximum obtained in th above step using the Map.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
// Java Program for above approach
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
class GFG {
// Function to print smallest index of
// Kth maximum Xor value of submatrices
static void smallestPosition(int m[][], int k)
{
// Dimensions of matrix
int n = m.length;
int mm = m[0].length;
// Stores XOR values for every index
int[][] xor = new int[n][mm];
// Min heap to find the
// kth maximum XOR value
PriorityQueue<Integer> minHeap
= new PriorityQueue<>();
// Stores indices for
// corresponding XOR vlaues
Map<Integer, int[]> map
= new HashMap<>();
// Traversing matrix to
// calculate XOR values
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < mm; j++) {
int a = i - 1 >= 0
? xor[i - 1][j]
: 0;
int b = j - 1 >= 0
? xor[i][j - 1]
: 0;
int c = (i - 1 >= 0 && j - 1 >= 0)
? xor[i - 1][j - 1]
: 0;
xor[i][j] = m[i][j] ^ a ^ b ^ c;
// Insert calculated value
// in Min Heap
minHeap.add(xor[i][j]);
// If size exceeds k
if (minHeap.size() > k) {
// Remove the minimum
minHeap.poll();
}
// Store smallest index
// containing xor[i][j]
if (!map.containsKey(xor[i][j]))
map.put(xor[i][j],
new int[] { i, j });
}
}
// Stores the kth maximum element
int kth_max_e = minHeap.poll();
// Print the required index
System.out.println(
(map.get(kth_max_e)[0] + 1)
+ " " + (map.get(kth_max_e)[1] + 1));
}
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int m[][] = { { 1, 2, 3 },
{ 2, 2, 1 },
{ 2, 4, 2 } };
int k = 1;
// Function call
smallestPosition(m, k);
}
}
Output:
3 2
Time Complexity: O(N * M * log K)
Auxiliary Space: O(N * M)
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