C, C++ (malloc, calloc, free and realloc) different type of Memory allocation/de-allocation functions

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malloc() 

Allocates memory and returns a pointer to the first byte of allocated space.
The general syntax of malloc() is
ptr =(cast-type*)malloc(byte-size);

Example:
arr=(int*)malloc(10*sizeof(int));

calloc() 

Allocates space for an array of elements, initializes them to zero and returns a pointer to the memory.

The syntax of calloc() can be given as:
ptr=(cast-type*) calloc(n,elem-size);

free()

Frees previously allocated memory.

The general syntax of the free()function is,
free(ptr);

realloc() 

Alters the size of previously allocated memory.

The general syntax for realloc() can be given as,
ptr = realloc(ptr,newsize);

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